File related commands

• 1. How to create an empty file?
  
  • Syntax
  • # touch file-name
  • Example:
  • # touch tmp
  • The above command creates an empty file.
• 2. How to copy files and directories?
  
  • Syntax
  • # cp file1 file2
  • Example:
  • # cp names.txt emp.txt
  • The above command copies content of names.txt to emp.txt if you agree for overwrite.
  • # cp -r /opt/dev/project1 /opt/dev/project2
  • The above command copies all the contents of project1 directory to project2 directory recursively.
• 3. How to read a file?
  
  • Syntax
  • # more file-name
  • Example:
  • # more /etc/passwd
  • The above command reads passwd file
• 4. How to concatenate files?
  
  • Syntax
  • # cat file1 file2
  • Example:
  • # cat /tmp/user-list1.txt /tmp/user-list2.txt > users.txt
  • The above command concatenates both users list file and writes into a "users.txt" file.
• 5. How to create a directory?
  
  • Syntax
  • # mkdir directory-name
  • Example:
  • # mkdir downloads
  • The above command creates directory named as "downloads"
  • # mkdir –p /usr/softwares/downloads
  • The above command creates a directory with parent as needed if parent doesn't exist.
• 6. How to change the current directory?
  
  • Syntax
  • # cd
  • Example:
  • # cd /opt/dev/project
  • The above command change the current directory to /opt/dev/project
  • # cd ../
  • Go one level up from the current folder
• 7. How to get current directory path?
  
  • Syntax
  • # pwd
  • The above command prints the current directory path.
• 8. How to rename a file?
  
  • Syntax
  • # mv file1 file2
  • Example:
  • mv names-list.txt emp-list.txt
  • The above command moves the content of "names-list.txt" to emp-list.txt. As Linux doesn't support rename, move command is used.